Spinal Hemangioma

Causes

The exact causes are not fully established. However, the following risk factors are identified:

• hereditary predisposition;

• hormonal changes;

• vascular malformations;

• back injuries;

• increased physical strain.

It is believed that some hemangiomas form during the embryonic period, and active growth occurs later under the influence of external triggers.

Disease Progression

The condition develops from overgrown blood vessels that replace bone tissue. This weakens the vertebra, increasing the risk of microfractures and fractures. The thoracic and lumbar regions are most commonly affected.

Types

Several classifications are used:

• by location — cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral;

• by number of lesions — single or multiple;

• by activity — non-aggressive (asymptomatic) or aggressive (with clinical manifestations);

• by structure — capillary, cavernous, or mixed.

Aggressive forms pose the greatest risk.

Main Symptoms

Most patients remain asymptomatic. Signs appear as the condition progresses:

• persistent back pain;

• numbness of limbs;

• sensory disturbances;

• reduced mobility;

• compression of nerve structures.

The clinical picture depends on tumor size, location, and degree of damage.

Diagnostic Methods

Diagnosis involves:

• MRI;

• CT;

• X-ray;

• biopsy in selected cases.

MRI provides the most accurate assessment of size, structure, and impact on surrounding tissues.

Treatment Options

Conservative Therapy

Used in asymptomatic cases. Includes:

• monitoring with periodic check-ups;

• activity restrictions;

• pain relief medication.

Surgical Intervention

Indicated in cases of compression or vertebral instability. The tumor is removed, and vertebrae may be stabilized with implants if necessary.

Embolization

A substance is introduced via catheter to block the blood supply to the tumor. The lesion shrinks and stops growing.

Radiation Therapy

Applied when surgery is not possible. Radiation destroys the tumor’s vascular tissue. It is used with caution due to potential side effects.

Vertebroplasty

A modern minimally invasive method: bone cement is injected into the vertebra through a puncture. This strengthens the bone and blocks tumor growth, quickly restoring mobility and reducing pain.

Prognosis and Prevention

With monitoring and timely treatment, the prognosis is favorable. Preventive measures include:

• controlling physical activity;

• avoiding injuries;

• regular check-ups in predisposed individuals.

When to See a Doctor

Medical consultation is required in cases of:

• persistent back pain;

• numbness or weakness in limbs;

• limited mobility;

• abnormal MRI findings.

Early diagnosis helps prevent complications.

Treatment in Russia

Clinics

Modern treatment is available in both public and private centers, including:

• EMC — performs all types of interventions, including embolization and vertebroplasty;

• Scandinavia Clinic — operates under international standards, provides care for spinal vascular pathologies;

• MEDSI — offers full-cycle care from diagnosis to postoperative rehabilitation.

Cost

Treatment prices depend on the method:

• MRI: from $60;

• vertebroplasty: $800–$1800;

• embolization: $1200–$2200;

• surgical removal: up to $3800.

MARUS Support

The MARUS platform helps patients find the right clinic, prepare documents, obtain a second medical opinion, and organize treatment in Russia. Specialists provide support at every stage — from diagnosis to rehabilitation.