Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology in Russia

Vision is one of the most important senses, allowing humans to perceive the world and interact with their environment. Ophthalmology, as a medical field, plays a crucial role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of eye diseases, enabling millions of people around the world to maintain and restore their sight.

Types of Diseases

Eye pathologies can be congenital or acquired and can affect various structures of the eye. The main categories include:

• Refractive disorders — myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, presbyopia;
  
  
• Inflammatory diseases — conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, blepharitis;
  
  
• Degenerative pathologies — glaucoma, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration;
  
  
• Traumatic injuries — mechanical, chemical, and thermal injuries;
  
  
• Retinal pathologies — diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, retinitis;
  
  
• Infectious diseases — viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.
  
  

Symptoms

Eye diseases can manifest with various symptoms: decreased visual acuity, double vision, pain, burning, and itching. Redness, light sensitivity, dryness, or excessive tearing are also commonly observed. Patients may feel a foreign body in the eye or notice a change in the color of the iris or pupil. One sign can be a disturbance in peripheral vision or the appearance of a "veil" in front of the eyes. If such symptoms occur, it is important to visit an ophthalmologist promptly and begin treatment at an early stage.

Diagnosis

 Modern ophthalmology utilizes a wide range of diagnostic methods:

• Visometry — checking visual acuity;
  
  
• Refractometry — measuring the degree of refractive disorders;
  
  
• Tonometer — measuring intraocular pressure to detect glaucoma;
  
  
• Biomicroscopy — examining the eye structures under a microscope;
  
  
• Ophthalmoscopy — examining the fundus of the eye;
  
  
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) — diagnosing retinal conditions;
  
  

Ultrasound — detecting pathologies of the lens, vitreous body, and retina

Treatment Methods

The choice of treatment method depends on the nature of the disease and its stage. The main approaches include:

• Conservative therapy — drug treatment using drops, ointments, and medications to improve blood circulation;
  
  
• Vision correction — prescribing glasses or contact lenses;
  
  
•  Laser treatment — laser vision correction, glaucoma treatment, retinal coagulation;
  
  
• Surgical operations — cataract removal with artificial lens implantation, vitrectomy, corneal transplantation;
  
  
• Physiotherapy methods — magnetotherapy, ultrasound, and laser stimulation.
  
  

Ophthalmology in Russia is developing at a rapid pace, allowing patients to receive high-quality medical care using the latest technologies and techniques. The MARUS platform organizes the treatment of eye pathologies, helping patients select the best ophthalmological clinics in the country to receive care that meets global standards.