Pituitary Cyst

Causes of Pituitary Cyst

Development is associated with several factors:

• Congenital anomalies of pituitary cells

• Inflammatory processes in the brain

• Skull injuries affecting gland structure

• Hormonal imbalances and endocrine disorders

• Degenerative tissue changes

Growth is usually slow and prolonged, allowing a person to remain symptom-free for a long time.

Symptoms of Pituitary Cyst

Symptoms related to compression of nearby structures

An enlarged pituitary gland may cause:

• Persistent or periodic headaches

• Vision problems, especially narrowing of the peripheral field

• Double vision and decreased visual acuity

• Coordination difficulties

• Nausea, weakness, and general malaise

Symptoms related to hormone imbalance

Since the pituitary controls many hormonal functions, its dysfunction caused by the cyst may lead to:

• Menstrual cycle disorders in women

• Decreased libido and potency in men

• Delayed growth and development in children

• Fatigue and weakness

• Disorders of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and other organs

Classification

Pituitary cysts are classified by type and origin:

• Retention cysts — caused by blockage of gland ducts

• Parasellar cysts — located near the pituitary

• Arachnoid cysts — filled with cerebrospinal fluid, located in the brain membranes

• Tumor-related cystic degeneration — benign tumors containing cavities

They are also divided into micro- and macro-cysts depending on size, which influences treatment needs.

Diagnosis

To accurately detect and assess pituitary cysts, the following methods are used:

• MRI of the brain — the main visualization tool, defining location and size

• CT scan — evaluates skull bone structures and associated conditions

• Blood hormone tests — assess pituitary function

• Ophthalmological exam — checks optic nerve condition in case of suspected compression

Regular monitoring is essential to track progression and decide on timely treatment.

Treatment Methods

Surgical treatment

Surgery is recommended for large cysts, significant compression of brain structures, and severe hormonal disorders. A modern technique is endoscopic transnasal removal, performed through nasal passages, which reduces trauma and shortens recovery time.

Radiation therapy

Rarely used, mainly for cystic tumors when surgery is impossible or contraindicated. It aims to suppress cyst growth.

Medication therapy

A conservative approach involves drugs for hormonal correction and regular monitoring. This is suitable for small cysts without significant symptoms or compression of brain structures.

Advantages of Treatment Abroad

Foreign clinics offer advanced diagnostic equipment and innovative therapies. Treatment is provided by multidisciplinary teams ensuring a comprehensive approach. Along with high-precision surgeries, advanced rehabilitation programs increase chances of successful recovery.

Treatment of Pituitary Cyst in Russia

Clinics

In Russia, therapy is carried out by leading medical institutions:

• Medsi — a large network with modern equipment and experienced neurosurgeons

• MMKNC named after S.P. Botkin — a specialized neurosurgery center with strong expertise in brain tumor treatment

• EMC (European Medical Center) — a private clinic with innovative technologies and comfortable conditions for patients

All clinics provide a full range of diagnostic and modern treatment options — from conservative to surgical.

Cost

Prices depend on diagnostic volume and treatment method. Surgical treatment with full diagnostics costs from $3,000 to $8,800, while medical therapy and monitoring start from $620.

MARUS Assistance

The MARUS service helps international patients arrange treatment of pituitary cysts in Russia. We select suitable clinics with highly qualified specialists and modern equipment, coordinate consultations, assist with visa arrangements, and provide full support throughout therapy.

MARUS ensures maximum comfort and safety, making high-quality medical care accessible for patients from different countries.